Demographics of the Philippines

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Demographics of the Philippines are records of human population in the country, including its population density, ethnicity, education level, health, economic status, religious affiliations, and other aspects of the population. According to the 2007 Census, the population of the Philippines was 88,574,614.^[1]. As of 2009, the estimated population is 92,226,600 people^[2]. The Negrito form a minority of the population. The majority of Filipinos (about 95%) are made up of various ethnolinguistic Austronesian or Malay ethnic groups who descended from a population of Taiwanese aborigines, who settled in the Philippines about 6,000 years ago. Mestizos, those of part Filipino descent mixed with Spanish, American, Chinese, and other ethnic groups form a minority of the population.

The most commonly spoken language is Filipino which is a de facto language based on the Tagalog dialect. Filipino and English are the official languages. Additionally, there are between 120 to 170 distinct indigenous Filipino languages (depending on their classification), a dozen of which have over one million speakers. Spanish and Arabic are recognized as voluntary and optional languages in the Philippine constitution.^[3] Christianity is the main religion, with Roman Catholicism making up the majority of the population. Other religions include Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism, and those with no religion.^[4] The people of the Philippines are known as Filipinos. Throughout the colonial era the term "Filipino" originally referred to the Spaniards, and mestizos. The definition was later applied to include all citizens, regardless of ethnic origin.

Ethnic groups

The majority of the people in the Philippines are of Austronesian descent. The largest of these groups are the Visayan, Tagalog, Ilocano, Bicolano, Moro, the Kapampangan and among others. The Indigenous peoples of the Philippines form a minority of the population. Other ethnic groups include the Spaniard, Indian, Chinese, American, Japanese, Arab, and other ethnic groups.

Various degrees of interracial marriage between ethnic groups have resulted in the formation of a new ethnic group of people, collectively known as Filipino mestizos. According to a genetic research study conducted by Stanford University Asia-Pacific Research Center, about 3.6% of Filipinos have White^[5] or Caucasian ancestry.

Languages

There are about 180 languages and dialects spoken in the country. Since the 1930s, in an effort to develop national unity, the government has promoted the use of the official language, Filipino, based on Tagalog.^[6][7] Visayan languages (also called Bisaya or Binisaya) are widely spoken throughout the Visayas, and in some parts of Mindanao. The Ilokano language is the lingua franca of the Northern Luzon.

English is considered an official language for purposes of communication and instruction.^[8] Consequently, it is widely spoken and understood. Other non-indigenous languages spoken are Spanish, Chinese, and Arabic.

Religion

About 80% of Filipinos are Roman Catholics, 5% are adherents of Islam, and 10% are Protestant Christians, Iglesia ni Cristo (Church of Christ), Philippine Independent Church, Mormon, as well as those of other religions, such as Buddhism, Hinduism, and those with no religion form a minority of the population.

Roman Catholics and Protestants were converted during the four centuries of Western influence by Spain, and the United States. Under Spanish rule, the much of the population was converted to Christianity.

Orthodox Christians also live in Philippines. Protestant Christianity arrived in the Philippines during the 20th century, introduced by American missionaries.

Islam was brought to the Sulu Archipelago in the 14th century by Makhdum Karim, an Arab trader, and to Mindanao island by Rajah Kabungsuwan, a Malaccan nobleman. From then onwards, Muslim princes carried on expeditions to propagate Islam. While Islam was easily displaced over the years among the peoples of Luzon, and the Visayas, it retained a foothold in the central parts of Mindanao and the Sulu Archipelago.

Other religions include Mahayana Buddhism, often mixed with Taoist beliefs, Hinduism, and Sikhism. Animism and Paganism are also followed.

Education

Education in the Philippines is based on both Western and Eastern ideology and philosophy influenced by both Spain and the United States. Filipino children enter public school at about age four, starting from Nursery up to Kindergarten. At about seven years of age, children enter a Elementary school (6 to 7 years). This is followed by Highschool (4 years). Students then apply for College Entrance Examinations (CEE), after which they enter University (3 to 5 years). Other institutions include Private school, Preparatory school, International school, and Science High School. School year in the Philippines starts from June, and ends in March with a two-month summer break from April to May, one week of semestral break in October, and a week or two during Christmas, and New Year holidays.

Population history

Philippines population density Map per province as of 2009 per square kilometer:      0-50      51-100      101-200      201-300      301-400      401-800      801-1600

The first census in the Philippines was founded in 1591, based on tributes collected. Based on this tribute counting, there were about 666,712 people in the islands. In 1600, this method was revamped by the Spanish officials, who then based the counting of the population through church records. In 1799, Friar Manuel Buzeta estimated the population count as 1,502,574. However, the first official census was conducted only in 1878, when the population as of midnight on December 31, 1877 was counted. This was followed by two more censuses, namely, the 1887 census, and the 1898 census. The 1887 census yielded a count of 6,984,727 ^[9], while that of 1898 yielded 5,279,955 .

1903 census

In 1903 the population of the Philippines was recounted by American authorities to fulfill Act 467. The survey yielded 7,635,426 people, including 56,138, who were foreign-born.

By city or towns exceeding 10,000

• Manila, 219,928
• Laoag, Ilocos Norte 19,699
• Iloilo, Iloilo 19,054
• Cebu, Cebu 18,330
• Nueva Caceres, Camarines Sur 10,021
• Romblon, Romblon 10,095

There were 13,400 villages, nearly 75% of which had fewer than 600 inhabitants.

The Malay population divided by language

• Christian (Mainly Roman Catholic)
  • Visayan: 3,219,030
  • Tagalog: 1,460,695
  • Ilocano: 803,942
  • Bicol: 566,635
  • Pangasinan: 343,686
  • Pampanga: 280,984
  • Cagayan: 159,648
• Muslim
  • Moro: 277,547
• Igorot
  • Igorot: 211,520

Between 1903 and 1941

1939 This census was undertaken in conformity with Section 1 of C. A. 170. It was the first taken under the Commonwealth government with Census day on January 1. The Philippine population figure was 16,000,303.

1941

In 1941 the estimated population of the Philippines reached 17,000,000. Manila's population was 684,000.

The number of Chinese living on the island had risen to 117,000. If figures are correct, then Chinese population (including immigration) has grown significantly faster than the native population. There were also around 30,000 Japanese living in the Philippines, with some 20,000 of them residing in Davao, Mindanao, and 9,000 Americans lived in Luzon.

By then, some 27% of the population could speak English as a second language, while the number of Spanish speakers as first language had further fallen to 3% from 10-14% at the beginning of the century. In 1936, Tagalog was selected to be the basis for a national language.^[9] In 1987, the Tagalog-based Filipino language was designated the national language.^[7]

Philippine census surveys

In 1960, the government of the Philippines conducted a survey on both population, and housing. The population was pegged at 27,087,685. Successive surveys were again conducted on 1970, 1975, 1980, and 1990, which gave the population as 36,684,948, 42,070,660, 48,098,460, and 60,703,206 respectively. On 1995, the POPCEN was launched, undertaken at the month of September, The data provided the bases for the Internal Revenue Allocation to local government units, and for the creation of new legislative areas. The count was made official by then President Fidel Ramos by Proclamation No, 849 on August 14, 1995, The population was 68,616,536.

CIA World Factbook demographic statistics

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.

Percentage of population in 2003 living below poverty line, by province. Provinces with darker shades have more people living below the poverty line.

Population

97,976,603 (July 2010 est.) (July 2010 est.)^[10]

• country comparison to the world: 11

Age structure

• 0-14 years: 35.2% (male 17,606,352/female 16,911,376)
• 15-64 years: 60.6% (male 29,679,327/female 29,737,919)
• 65 years and over: 4.1% (male 1,744,248/female 2,297,381) (2010 est.)

Population growth rate

1.957% (2010 est.)

Birth rate

26.01 births/1,000 population (2010 est.)

• country comparison to the world: 63

Death rate

5.1 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

• country comparison to the world: 184

Net migration rate

-1.34 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

• country comparison to the world: 127

Urbanization

• urban population: 65% of total population (2008)
• rate of urbanization: 3% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

Sex ratio

• at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
• under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
• 15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female
• 65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female
• total population: 1 male(s)/female (2010 est.)

Infant mortality rate

• total: 20.56 deaths/1,000 live births
• country comparison to the world: 102
• male: 23.17 deaths/1,000 live births
• female: 17.83 deaths/1,000 live births (2010 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

• total population: 71.09 years
• country comparison to the world: 133
• male: 68.17 years
• female: 74.15 years (2010 est.)

Total fertility rate

3.23 children born/woman (2010 est.)

• country comparison to the world: 64

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

less than 0.1% (2003 est.) &country comparison to the world: 143

HIV/AIDS - People living with HIV/AIDS

8,300 (2007 est.)

• country comparison to the world: 110

HIV/AIDS - deaths

fewer than 200 (2007 est.)

• country comparison to the world: 120

Major infectious diseases

• degree of risk: high
• food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever

vectorborne diseases: dengue fever, malaria, and Japanese encephalitis

• water contact disease: leptospirosis (2009)

Nationality

• noun: Filipino(s)
• adjective: Philippine

Ethnic groups

Tagalog 28.1%, Cebuano 13.1%, Ilocano 9%, Bisaya/Binisaya 7.6%, Hiligaynon Ilonggo 7.5%, Bikol 6%, Waray 3.4%, Kapampangan 3%, other 25.3% (2000 census)

Religions

Roman Catholic 80.9%, Muslim 5%, Evangelical 2.8%, Iglesia Ni Cristo 2.3%, Aglipayan 2%, other Christian 4.5%, other 1.8%, unspecified 0.6%, none 0.1% (2000 census)

Languages

Filipino (national language, official; based on Tagalog) and English (official); Other languages include Cebuano, Ilocano, Hiligaynon or Ilonggo, Bicol, Waray, Pampango, and Pangasinense

Literacy

• definition: age 15 and over can read and write
• total population: 92.6%
• male: 92.5%
• female: 92.7% (2000 census)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

• total: 12 years
• male: 11 years
• female: 12 years (2006)

Education expenditures

• 2.5% of GDP (2005)

Source, unless otherwise specified: "Philippines: People". CIA World Factbook. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/rp.html. Retrieved 2009-07-15 

Publications

• Cristian Capelli et al. (2001). "A Predominantly Indigenous Paternal Heritage for the Austronesian-Speaking Peoples of Insular Southeast Asia and Oceania" (PDF). American Journal of Human Genetics 68 (2): 432–443. doi:10.1086/318205. PMID 11170891. PMC 1235276. http://hpgl.stanford.edu/publications/AJHG_2001_v68_p432.pdf. 
•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (Eleventh ed.). Cambridge University Press. 

References

External links

 This article incorporates public domain material from the CIA World Factbook document "2010 edition".

• "Demographic Statistics (principally 2000 Philippine census)". National Statistics Office, Philippines Official Web Site. http://www.census.gov.ph/data/sectordata/datapop.html. Retrieved December 17, 2005. 
• "The Philippines - Demographic Statistics". The Ultrecht faculty of Education. http://www.philippines.hvu.nl/facts2.htm. Retrieved 2007-04-03. 
• "University of the Philippines population institute". http://web.kssp.upd.edu.ph/popinst/index.html. Retrieved 2007-04-03. 
• Greeks in the Philippines and their contributions to the country

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